what is the  enthalpy of a reaction between HCL and MG?

Abstract

 we did this experiment to find the enthalpy of a reaction. we were given a set of steps and questions to answer. the group did this with ease. we had a few roadbumps but when we needed the help we asked and got the help that was needed.

Safety

• don't stick face into fumes
• don't drink the liquid
• safety first
• were safety googles

Material

• calormeter
• 50 ml HCL
• .2 g Mg
• Spark w/ termometer

Steps

1. Gather materials
2. place HCL in Calormeter and take beggining temp of HCL
3. Add MG and take temp every 15sec until reaction is done.
4. Clean up lab

Evidence

1. 2HCl+MG= MgCl _{2  +}H₂
2. Q=3432 J/g
3. Q=3.3432KJ
4. .008 mol
5. change of H=466.75 KJ/mol
6. %eorror=8.09%

claim

the enthalpy of the reaction is 429 KJ

Scientific Explanation

from this lab we learn how to calculate the enthalpy of a reaction. we can use this to determine how much energy it will take to do something like make a cake.

Phase Change Lab

2.the two graphs are reflections of each other if you were to flip one they would look almost exactly alike.the general trend is there is a period of increase / decrease then a part where the temp hovers around

3. adding more wax would just make the wax take lounger to melt. it would add the period of increase(warming)/ Decrease (cooling) period and lessen the area of where the temp hovers around

4.the melting and freezing point of the wax is about 51-53 degrees Celsius.

5. The graph looks the way it does because there is a point where the wax can not get anymore solid or liquidly. The flat parts represent the temp before the wax goes through a phase change.

Reflection:

My feedback on my paper was generally positive. The person who provided the feedback gave me constructive criticisms on my body and my citations. Saying that I need to introduce a scientific concept first and that I need to check to make sure I am citing things correctly. With this feedback I plan on going through my paper and check the citations, rereading my paper and adding detail and when I mention a scientific term to explain what it is. I don’t have any additional questions for the person who checked my paper because I understand where they are coming from.

PH Lab

Question

what is the concentration of H in each solution?

Abstract

the reason doing this lab is to practice caculateing the conentraton of H and to practice using PH paper. the question to be answered is what is the concentration of H in the soultions. we used PH paper to find the PH and then calculated the concentration. most of the results were small numberes where you added another zero to the next one.

Safety

• wash hands when done with the lab
• always wear safety glasses
• don't drink the chemicals

Materials

• HCl
• KOH
• NH4OH
• NCH3COOH
• PH paper
• distilled water 
• plastic drooper
• 16 centrifuge tubes

Procedure

1. collect all the suplies
2. take 20 drops of HCl and put in into a centrifuge tube. then take out 2 drops and put it into another centrifuge tube with 18 drops of distilled water. repeat this untill you have 4 centrifuge tubes. also repeat this with the other soultions.
3.  then take each solution and put one drop of it on a strip of PH paper. let it dry for 2mins and compare the color to a PH color chart.
4. record all the information down a calculate the [H].

Evidence

 the graphs and the tables are in the file.

Click here to download:

chem_PH(1).xlsx (15 KB)

(download)

Click here to download:

chem_PH(1).xlsx (15 KB)

Claim

the concentration of [H] in .1 HCL solution was .01; for the .01HCL it was .001; for the .001 soultion it was .0001. the concentration of [H] for both .1 KOH soultion and .01 was 1e -9; for the .001 KOH soultion is was 1e -8; amd for the .0001 it was 1e -7. the concentration of [H] for both .1 NH4OH soultion and .01soulution was 1e -8; in the .001soulution the concintration was1e -7, and in the .0001 soultion it was 1e -6. In the .1 NCH3COOH soution the concintration H is 1e-9, the .01 NCH3COOH soultion the [H]  was 1e-8; the concentration of [H] for both .001 NH4OH soultion and .0001soulution was 1e -7.

Scientific Explanation

in each of the 4 solutions and thier dilutions, they are all in the general area of eachother. to each of the dilutions it is just adding of taking away a zero.this can be helpful because you can use the concentration to figure out if it is an acid or base. so if it spills you know how to nutralize it.

Beer's Law Lab

Research Question:

what is the relation of the red absorbance and the concintration and can we verify beers  law?

Abstract:

we are doing this experiment to find out the red absorbance of  six diferent sample, that are different conitrations of a stock soultution that we made.we found the red transmittance by using the SPARK syatem and a colorimerter. some of the results that we got was the the red transmittance of sample 1 was .345 for sample 2 it was .792. the red transmittance was 1.261 for sample 3 and 1.771 for sample. the redabsorbance for sample 5 was 2.099 and 0 for sample 6. the overal conclution for this lab was that the smaller the conintration the smaller the red tranmittance.

Safety Considerations:

• Wash hands when done.
• Don't eat the material
• it there is broken glass contact the teacher and carfully put it in the Broken Glass Box
• Always wear your safety goggles
• clean up your lab area when you are done with the lab

Materials:

• CuSO4
  
•  plastic drooper
• distilled water
• 6-glass test tubes
• Pasco SPARK w/ colorimerter
• glasscuvettes
• graduated cylinder

Procedure:

1. take 2.12grams of the CuSO4 and add it to distilled water so that is makes 20ml of a stcok soulution. take 1ml of the stock soultion and add it to 4ml of distilled water and put that in test tube 1. for samle 2 take 2ml of the stock solution and 3ml of distilled water and put that in test tube 2.Samle 3 take 3ml of the stock solution and 2ml of distilled water and put that in test tube 3.For samle 4 take 4ml of the stock solution and 1ml of distilled water and put that in test tube 4
2. in test tube 5 you add 5ml of the stock soultionand no distilled water.Test tube six is the control so you only need to add 5ml of distilled water.
3. hook up your colorimerter to your SPARK and turn it on. when it is turned on you need to calibrate it by out ing the control,test tube six, andpressing the green button on the colorimerter.when it is calibrated the the red absorbance will read 0.00. click on red absorbance. when the graph comes up press the right arrow to get the decimals.
4. start by putiong each test tube in seperate glasscuvettes. then take the first sample in the colorimerter and press the play button. when you have written down the

Evidence Collected:

Caim:

the clam is that we can verify beers law and the relationship is when the consintration goes up so does the amount of red absorbance.

Scientific Explanation:

in this lab we leaned about beers law. beers law is the amount of light absorbed into a liquid.the results of our lab verifes beers law by concludin that then the concentarion incraces the red absorbances also increacing.beers law can be used to test blood samples and to do drug test for a job.

 Research Question:

we were measuring the concentration of a solution .

Abstract:

this experiment was conducted to help us understand how to use the spark system.we anted to see what the concentration of a solution was using the SPARK system. using the SPARK we tested ten samples for thier percentage of transmittance and thier concintation when compaired ot the control sample.somthing that i observed was that between Sample #1 and Sample #2 the was no change in the transmittance even though the soultion had been diuted by a tenth. i also noticed the there was a big diference in transmitance between the sample #3 and #4. the difference in the percentage of transmitance was over 74%.

Safety Considerations:

• always wear your safty googles
• clean up spillt liquid right away to prevent staining
• it there is broken glass contact the teacher and carfully put it in the Broken Glass Box
• wash hands when done with the lab

Materials:

• Liquid bluing soultion
• Dulition Well plate
• plastic drooper
• distilled water
• 10-glass test tubes
• Pasco SPARK w/ colorimerter
• glasscuvettes

Procedure:

1. collect the materials
2. labal your 10 test tubes from 1 to 10
3. place 5ml of Liquid bluing soultion in test tube #1 it will be refered as 1X.
4. from test tube #1 take 12 drobs and put it in test tube #2 with 4.5 ml of distilled water test tube #2 should be .1X concintation . then from test tube #2 take 12 drops and put into test tube #3 with 4.5ml of distiled water it should be should be .01X concintation. continue this process untill you have gone through all 10 test tubes.
5. when you step 4 hook up your colorimerter your SPARK and turn it on. when it is turned on you need to calibrate it by pressing the gree button on the colorimerter.when it is calibrated the percenteage will be at 100%. on the screen you will select "red transmitance" and when a graph apperes go to the stop of the screen and press the right arow to get the perectages
6. fill up one of the glass cuvlettes it solution #1 and put it into the colorimerter and press teh play buton on the bottom left of the screen. when you do this it will give you the percetage of transmitance for how much light goes through it, for sample 1 it should be 0%. after test one you dump out the solution and clean out the cuvlette and do the same thing for the rest of the samples.

Evidence:

Claim:

in this lab we diluted each sample by one/tenth of the sample before it by adding 4.5 ml of water.

Scientific explanation:

from this we learned how to use the spark systems and how concentarion effects the amount  red transmitance or the amount of light that can pass trough the soulution. as we tested each solution as the conintation decreaced the percentage of transmittance increaced. colorimetry  focuses on the cancentation of the solution is and its how well it lets light shine trough it. based on the evidenced i can see that it is true that when we diluted out soultion the light went trough it.

1. the standard model is important to scientists because it is an organized table for all of the subatomic particles that make up atoms and other matter.
   
2. they particles are placed in the groupes of quarts, leptons and force carriers. they use properties such as the charge, the spin of it , the mass of the particle and its lif span to catagorize them.
3. i think that in my lifetime the standard will have added all the theroetical particles like the higgs boson and tachyons.